You're talking about just a stray loose pipe plug you found laying on the intake manifold? Jeez dude - don't stress about that.
God only knows where it came from or why it was there. I certainly wouldn't loose any sleep over it - and it has nothing to do with the carburetor.
Here are are couple of images showing a SBC intake with what appear to be a couple of original plugs still in place:
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The hole with the plug in the back (near the distributor bore) is used to supply vacuum to things like the (automatic) transmission modulator & A/C operating controls.
The other plug - next to the thermostat landing area - is commonly used to allow a TVS (thermo vacuum switch) to be threaded in to manifold where it is in contact with engine coolant.
If one of these holes now has something screwed into it...that's probably where the mystery plug used to live.